Islamic education narratives from the Turkistan Plain: Discovering the heritage of al-Zarnuji’s thoughts on Islamic professional teachers
https://doi.org/10.63826/jiire.v1i1.6Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aims to what al-Zarnuji thought about professional madrasa teachers on the development of contemporary Islamic education. This research uses concept analysis research, with data sources a book by al-Zarnuji entitled “ta’lim al-muta’allim”, and analyzed using content analysis. The result show that Islamic professional teachers according to al-Zarnuji are teachers who have al-a’lam competence (having extensive knowledge), al-awra’ (having a careful attitude in avoiding anything that is doubtful), and al-asann competence (more mature). These three competencies are very relevant for the professional development of today’s Islamic and madrasah teachers so that they are professional in carrying out their profession in the future. Professional Islamic teachers must have extensive knowledge, or in other words, teachers must have extensive knowledge so that students can be used as scientific references. These requirements are an elaboration of personal competence/personality, where personal competence is a requirement given by the government to teachers in Indonesia.
Keywords
Article Details
References
Ahadi, A., Bower, M., Lai, J., Singh, A., & Garrett, M. (2024). Evaluation of teacher professional learning workshops on the use of technology-a systematic review. Professional Development in Education, 50(1), 221-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.2011773
Ahmad, K. A., Asni, F., Hasbulah, M. H., Hashom, H., Mustafa, W. A., Noor, A. M., ... & Nasir, K. (2025). Mobile Learning of Islamic Studies: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 48(2), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.48.2.211224
Akram, H., Raza, M., Jan, M. F., Aslam, S., & Nivin-Vargas, L. (2024). Identified leadership practices and teachers’ professional development in Karachi, Pakistan: the moderation effect of training. Education 3-13, 52(8), 1309-1326. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2022.2146455
Arif, M. (2022). Teacher Ethics Perspective Syed Naquib Al-Attas and KH. M. Hasyim Asy’ari. Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman, 33(1), 99-116. https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v33i1.2006
Asterhan, C. S., & Lefstein, A. (2024). The search for evidence-based features of effective teacher professional development: a critical analysis of the literature. Professional development in education, 50(1), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2283437
Aziz, A., Saparudin, S., Zaenudin, Z., & Setiawan, Y. (2024). The concept of moral education in the Ta’limul Muta’allim book and its implementation in learning at Islamic Boarding Schools. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 14(1), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.38073/jpi.v14i1.1531
Barrett, B., & Hordern, J. (2024). Rethinking the foundations: Towards powerful professional knowledge in teacher education in the USA and England. In Towards Powerful Educational Knowledge (pp. 11-23). Routledge.
Coppe, T., Parmentier, M., Kelchtermans, G., Raemdonck, I., März, V., & Colognesi, S. (2024). Beyond traditional narratives about teacher professional development: A critical perspective on teachers’ working life. Teaching and Teacher Education, 139, 104436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104436
Copur-Gencturk, Y., Li, J., Cohen, A. S., & Orrill, C. H. (2024). The impact of an interactive, personalized computer-based teacher professional development program on student performance: A randomized controlled trial. Computers & Education, 210, 104963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104963
Dinana, M. F., & Nurhidin, E. (2025). The concepts of al-Zarnuji’s ethics in Islamic Education and its relevance for the contemporary era. Fikroh: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pendidikan Islam, 18(1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.37812/fikroh.v18i1.1654
Ding, A. C. E., Shi, L., Yang, H., & Choi, I. (2024). Enhancing teacher AI literacy and integration through different types of cases in teacher professional development. Computers and Education Open, 6, 100178.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100178
Faiza, D. E. N. F., Supriyanto, A., & Sunandar, A. (2024). The relationship between the role of madrasah heads, work motivation, and professional competence with the performance of state Madrasah Tsanawiyah teachers. International Education Trend Issues, 2(2), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.56442/ieti.v2i2.810
Gong, Y., & Gao, X. (2024). Language teachers’ identity tensions and professional practice in intercultural teaching. Language Teaching Research, 13621688241241125.
https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688241241125
González-Fernández, R., Ruiz-Cabezas, A., Domínguez, M. C. M., Subía-Álava, A. B., & Salazar, J. L. D. (2024). Teachers’ teaching and professional competences assessment. Evaluation and Program Planning, 103, 102396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102396
Habsy, B. A., Rizal, A., Madoni, E. R., Rachmania, N., & Kadri, N. M. (2024). Construction of Ta’lim Muta’allim Counseling Based on the Book of Imam al-Zarnuji: A Hermeneutical Study. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(2), 649-664. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i2.546
Haqquddin, M. F., Rusman, R., Tambak, S., & Wibowo, A. (2024). Developing critical and creative thinking skills through the Cooperative Learning model of Team Games Tournament in Islamic education at SMPN 1 Babat Lamongan. Ar-Fachruddin: Journal of Islamic Education, 1(2), 82-92. https://doi.org/10.7401/gfh85p67
Hasanah, A., Nonitasari, I., & Habibah, H. (2020). Madrasah Head Policy in improving the quality of teacher profession. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 2(12), 1024-1029. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v2i12.3017
Hendawy Al-Mahdy, Y. F., Hallinger, P., Emam, M., Hammad, W., Alabri, K. M., & Al-Harthi, K. (2024). Supporting teacher professional learning in Oman: The effects of principal leadership, teacher trust, and teacher agency. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(2), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143221106442
Herawati, H., & As’ari, H. (2023). The concept of humanist education from an Islamic perspective and its application in the teaching and learning process (al-Zarnuji). BAHTSUNA: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.55210/bahtsuna.v5i1.392
Karlberg-Granlund, G., & Pastuhov, A. (2024). Being, becoming and sustaining: learning professional learning in teacher education. Professional development in education, 50(2), 372-385. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2291360
Kohnke, L., Foung, D., & Zou, D. (2024). Microlearning: A new normal for flexible teacher professional development in online and blended learning. Education and Information Technologies, 29(4), 4457-4480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11964-6
Krulatz, A., Christison, M., Lorenz, E., & Sevinç, Y. (2024). The impact of teacher professional development on teacher cognition and multilingual teaching practices. International Journal of Multilingualism, 21(2), 711-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2022.2107648
Mahfud, C., Muyasaroh, M., Rintaningrum, R., Prasetyawati, N., Agustin, D. S., Suarmini, N. W., ... & Nasih, A. M. (2022). Digital trends of social religious humanities: understanding discourse on religious moderation, Pancasila and citizenship education in Indonesia. MODELING: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI, 9(2), 445-452. https://doi.org/10.69896/modeling.v9i2.1289
Manan, W. A., Hadi, A., Siregar, Z. U., & Shallal, A. R. (2024). Semantic field of teacher terms in Talim al-Muta’allim book by sheikh al-Zarnuji. Arabiyati: Journal of Arabic Language Education, 1(1).
Maryani, I., Irsalinda, N., Jaya, P. H., Sukma, H. H., & Raman, A. (2025). Understanding student engagement: an examination of the moderation effect of professional teachers’ competence. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21455
Mehdizadeh, M., Pourhaji, M., & Derakhshan, A. (2024). Evolution of communities of practice, realignment of possible selves, and repositionings in EFL teacher professional identity development: A longitudinal case study. The Language Learning Journal, 52(3), 336-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2022.2163685
Misana, L. S., Njiku, J. F., & Mwaihola, M. O. (2024). Exploring the social, instrumental, academic, personal, and professional identities of peer mentoring experiences among preservice teachers. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2024.2420123
Mufid, M., & Tamam, A. M. (2024). Islamic education theory al-Zarnuji’s Perspective in the book ta’lim Al-Muta’allim. Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY), 3(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v3i1.158
Muhajir, M., Tambak, S., & Sukenti, D. (2024). Learner-Centered education affect for madrasah teacher personality competence: the cases of Project-Based Learning methods. International Journal of Religion, 5(11), 947-959. https://doi.org/10.61707/yp2mxp11
Namora, D., Amril, M., & Tambak, S. (2023). Kompetensi kepribadian berbasis Makarim Al-Syari’ah serta implikasinya pada profesionalisme guru madrasah. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Al-Thariqah, 8(2), 295-316.
Ostinelli, G., & Crescentini, A. (2024). Policy, culture and practice in teacher professional development in five European countries. A comparative analysis. Professional development in education, 50(1), 74-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.1883719
Posangi, S. S. (2024). Supervisory performance approach in improving the professional competence of islamic religious education teachers in Madrasah Aliyah, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(3), e06118-e06118. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n3-111
Razali, N. H., & Mamat, A. (2024). al-Zarnuji’s educational concept and its relevance to the teaching of Islamic education in Malaysia. IIUM Journal of Educational Studies, 12(2), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijes.v12i2.550
Richter, E., & Richter, D. (2024). Measuring the quality of teacher professional development: A large-scale validation study of an 18-item instrument for daily use. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 81, 101357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2024.101357
Robiah, S., Tambak, S., Siregar, J., Hafizah, J., & Swastika, A. (2024). Strengthening teachers’ skills in using an enrichment biology e-module based on flipbook integrated with Qur’anic and Sunnah values. Journal of Community Service and Empowerment, 5(3), 661-667. https://doi.org/10.22219/jcse.v5i3.37499
Rosidah, U., Nurhakim, N., & Khozin, K. (2024). Thinking of moral education according to al Ghazali and al Zarnuji perspective on epistemology and axiology. Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 5(1 Januari), 203-216. https://doi.org/10.32806/jkpi.v5i1.131
Rozi, M. F., Sariman, S., & Khasanudin, M. (2022). Development of Religious Character Through the Implementation of Ta’lim al-Muta’allim. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme, 4(2), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v4i2.1449
Segal, A. (2024). Rethinking Collective Reflection in Teacher Professional Development. Journal of Teacher Education, 75(2), 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871231188702
Setiawati, I. W., & Tambak, S. (2024). Penerapan pendekatan Deep Dialogue dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif pada peserta didik pada pembelajaran aqidah akhlak di Mts Al–Marzuqin Pekanbaru.
Sukenti, D., & Tambak, S. (2020). Developing Indonesian language learning assessments: strengthening the personal competence and islamic psychosocial of teachers. International Journal of Evaluation and research in education, 9(4), 1079-1087. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i4.20677
Sukenti, D., & Tambak, S. (2023). Islamic teacher’s ethical behavior, identity formation, and writing assessment: a phenomenological inquiry. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(4), 4943-4952. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.4570
Tamara, Y., Hermansyah, H., & Marleni, M. (2024). Analysis of teacher professional competence in utilizing information and communication technology. Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme, 7(1), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.31851/esteem.v7i1.14095
Tambak, S., & Sukenti, D. (2020). Strengthening Islamic behavior and Islamic psychosocial in developing professional madrasah teachers. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 39(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i1.26001
Tambak, S., & Sukenti, D. (2025). Islamic professional madrasa teachers and motivation for continuous development: a phenomenological approach. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21301
Tambak, S., & Sukenti, D. (2024). Case-Based Learning method in learning: is it effective to improve teaching skills of madrasa teachers in Indonesia? Journal of Learning for Development, 11(1), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v11i1.763
Tambak, S., Ahmad, M. Y., Amril, A., Sukenti, D., Hamzah, H., & Marwiyah, S. (2022). Madrasa teacher professionalism: Effects of gender and teaching experience in learning. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(3), 1490-1499. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22539
Tambak, S., Amril, A., & Sukenti, D. (2021). Islamic teacher development: counstructing islamic professional teachers based on the Khalifah Concept. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(1), 117-135. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v4i1.1055
Tambak, S., Firdaus, F., Harahap, M., Sukenti, D., & Zaylani, M. (2023). Islamic professional madrasa teachers and Makarim Syari’ah in teaching: a Phenomenological approach. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(4), 4343-4354. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.3475
Tambak, S., Mahfud, C., Latipah, E., & Sukenti, D. (2021). Professional madrasah teachers in teaching: the influence of gender and the length of certification of madrasah teachers. Dinamika Ilmu, 21(2), 417-435. https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v21i2.3527
Tambak, S., Sukenti, D., Husti, I., & Zamsiswaya, Z. (2023). Teacher identity, Islamic behavior, and project-based learning methods for madrasah teachers: A phenomenological approach. International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology, 4(1), 102-121. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijiep.v4i1.17396
Tambak, S. (2023). Guru madrasah profesional islami: melibatkan makarim syari’ah dalam pengembangan profesi masa depan. Mafy Media Literasi Indonesia.
Triansyah, F. A., Ugli, Y. K. B., Muhammad, I., & Nurhoiriyah, N. (2023). Determinants of teacher competence in islamic education: bibliometric analysis and approach. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Education Studies (IJIES), 6(1), 17-32.
Whitty, G. (2024). Professional competences and professional characteristics: the Northern Ireland approach to the reform of teacher education. In Developing competent teachers (pp. 86-97). Routledge.
Wicaksono, I. A., Mustofa, T. A., & Ali, A. B. E. (2024). The development of the ideal teacher’s personality concept of ibn Sahnun and Azzarnuji for the Integrity of modern education. Solo Universal Journal of Islamic Education and Multiculturalism, 2(02), 145-166. https://doi.org/10.61455/sujiem.v2i02.200
Zhang, L., Carter Jr, R. A., Zhang, J., Hunt, T. L., Emerling, C. R., Yang, S., & Xu, F. (2024). Teacher perceptions of effective professional development: Insights for design. Professional Development in Education, 50(4), 611-624. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.1879236